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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



Shelf -Uy.s.o.'ro 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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X 



^:TS:E;^- 



J^anthat^um^ade. 



-^^^^. 




'^^?^^- 



By W. 3. FAIRFIELD, M. D., 

(VleiTibei of The American Medical Association, Tlie Michigan State IVledical Association, 

Tne Calnoun County Medical Association, and President of the 

Battle Creek Art Club. 



►; ILLUSTRATED BY THE AUTHOR. 




PUBLISHED BY 

THE J. E. WHITE PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

BATTLE CREEK, MICH. 



^ 



^^ Copyrighted 1886 by W. J. Fairfield, M. D. | 



(i^REFACE, 



IV yr ITCH money, time, and talent are spent in the preparation of 

1X1 ^'^i^^tlren's literature, arraying before them much jingling 

I -^ nonsense in pretty picture books. 
*"^ Wliile the autjior is not adverse to this, and hopes that 
this little book will prove attractive, he also hopes that it may raise 
an interest in temperance among ihe little folks, and by arousing 
their innocent inquisitiveness, incite the old folks to better inform 
themselves on the great subject of temperance, and lead them to 
inculcate in the minds of tlieir children sound temperance prin- 
ciples. 

With this end in view, the author has thought proper, as the 
work progressed, to extend its original scope by adding a few 
chapters containing material instruction for the older juveniles and 
tlie old folks. 

Though this book is not prepared for the drunkard so much as 
for his cliildren, it is not designed to debar him from looking over 
its pages. The author must acknowledge his great indebtedness 
to jiim and his boon c<mipanions for furnishing the models for most 
of the illustrati(ms herein contained. 

Honest delineation the author has carefully attempted, and if he 
lias failed in this, he is sure it cannot be on the side of exagger 
ation. 

In conclusion, it may be proper to add, in justice to the work, 
that in its preparation the autlior lias been greatly limited in time 
owing to tlie incessant cares incident to a large medical practice. 

W. J. F. 



HIS is the man that rum made. 





HIS is the weed that sowed the seed 
For making the man that rum made. 




HIS is tlie cider, 
the rum-seller's 
tinder, 
CToes with the weed 
that sowed the seed 
For making the man 
that rum made. 




HIS is the beer, the jolly good lager. 
Firm friend of cider, the rumseller's 

tinder, 
That goes with the "weed that 

sowed the seed 
For making the man that rum 

made. 



^A 



s^ ///^ - 







/- /'// 




HIS is the wine, the red, 

red wine, 
Alluring from beer, the jolly 



good lager. 
Firm friend of cider, the 

rumseller's tinder, 
That goes with the weed 

that sowed the seed 
For making the man that 

rum made. 



^•«®if&i 



.#isi 





HIS is the whisky, to make 
you tipsy, 

That follows the wine, the red, 
red wine, 
Alluring- from beer, the jolly 
2.' go^d lager, 

^^7^/^ Firm friend of cider, the rum- 
't-^//// seller's tinder, 

That^ goes with the weed 
^ .-that sowed the seed 

For making the man that 
rum made. 




HIS is the nose that blossoms and 
grows 

On the face of the man that rum made. 



iPPMPiP^miHPPVRi 







> >il.r', 









HIS is the cheek, all flabby and 
weak, 

By the side of the nose that blos- 
soms and grows 
On the face of the man that rum 
made. 




HIS is the eye, all bleared and awry, 
Surmounting the cheek, so flabby 
and weak, ^ 

By the side of the nose th 
blossoms and grows 

On the face of the man that rum 
made. 



at 




HIS is the hair, the vermin's 
lair, 

)own in the eye, all bleared 

and awry, 
.urmounting the cheek, so 

flabby and weak, 
>y the side of the nose that 
blossoms and grows 
On the face of the man 
that rum made. 




^^A 



J& 




HIS is the mouth th2.t, for 
lack of a drouth. 
Tumbled the hair, the ver- 
min's lair, 
I Down in the eye, all bleared 
and awry, 
S u r mounting- the cheek, sc 

. flabby and \veak, 
Ey the side of the nose that 

blossoms and grows 
On the face of the man tliat 
rum made. 




By 
On 



HIS the throat of the whisky bloat. 
Diseased like the mouth that, for 

lack of a drouth, 
Tumbled the hair, the vermin's lair, 
Down in the eye, all bleared 
and awry, 

^ Surmounting" the cheek, so flabby 

nr^^'f^^T^ aj-^d weak, 

the side of the nose that blossoms and grows 
the face of the man that rum made. 




HIS is the stcmacli's progressive 
story 
From health to disease, man's life 
to worry, — 
Far v.'orse than the throat 

of the whisky bloat, 
Diseased like the mouth 
that, for lack of a 
drouth, 
Tumbled the hair, the 

vermin's lair, 
Down in the eye, all 
bleared and awry. 
Surmounting- the cheek, so flabby and weak, 
By the side of the nose that blossoms and grovv's 
On the face of the man that rum made. 





HIS is the liver, all pickled and 
shrunk, 
Produced by the alcohol, making him 
drunk. 
Thus aiding the stomach's progressive 
story 
From health to disease, man's life 
to worry, — ' 

Far worse than the throat of the whisky bloat, 
Diseased like the mouth that, for lack of a drouth. 
Tumbled the hair, the vermin's lair, 
Down in the eye, all bleared and awry, 
Surmounting the cheek, so flabby and weak. 
By the side of the nose that blossoms and grows 
On the face of the man that rum made. 




HIS is a group of little blood cells, 
Each crippled or killed by the 
— poison which tells 

So fatal on liver, all pickled 
and shrunk, 
_ Produced by the alcohol, 
making him drunk. 
Thus aiding the stomach's 

progressive story 
From health to disease, 

man's life to worry, — 
Far worse than the throat 

of the whisky bloat, 
Diseased like the mouth 
that, for lack of a drouth, 
Tumbled the hair, the ver- 
min's lair, 

Down in the eye, all bleared and aAvry, 
Surmounting the cheek, so flabby and Aveak, 
By the side of the nose that blossoms and grows 
On the face of the man that rum made. 




HIS is the wreck that alcohol made 
Of the man who was so sober 

and staid, 
Whose blood was diseased, by the 

little blood cells 
Being crippled or killed by the 
poison which tells 
So fatal on liver, all pickled 
and shrunk, 
^^ Produced by the alcohol, 
making him drunk, 
Thus aiding the stomach's progressive story 
From disease unto death, man's life to worry, — 
Far worse than the throat of the whisky bloat. 
Diseased like the mouth that, for lack of a drouth, 
Tumbled the hair, the vermin's lair, 
Down in the eye, all bleared and awry, 
Surmounting the cheek, so flabby and weak, 
By the side of the nose that blossoms and grows 
On the face of the man that rum made. 



THE TOBACCO HABIT. 



'^&^-^^'-^- 



ITS RELATION TO THE DRINK HABIT. 




NE of the early habits acquired 
by boys is that of using to- 
bacco. When they see it 
flourishing all around them, in 
every public place, in the pul- 
pit, and often in their homes ; 
when they find it indulged by 
the lawyer and the doctor, by the churchman as 
well as the worldling, by the laborer and the cap- 
italist alike, is it any wonder that the use of the 
filthy weed is so early acquired ? 

Upon the discovery of America by Columbus, 
in 1492, two of his sailors, returning to the ship 
after exploring the island of Cuba, told among 
other wonderful stories that they " saw the naked 
savages twist large leaves together, and smoke 
like devils." Early in the following century, 

43 



THE TOBACCO HABIT. 45 

Avhen the Spaniards attempted a landing in South 
America, it is recorded by the historian that the 
natives in large numbers fought their approach by 
making hideous noises to frighten thenij and by 
^' chewing herbs and spurting the juice toward 
them." The herb used w^as tobacco, and the na- 
tiA^es, in thus using it as a means of defense, were 
doubtless fully aware of its poisonous and irri- 
tating nature. 

The filthy habit of tobacco-using thus intro- 
duced by a barbarous nation, has rapidly grown 
to immense dimensions, involving the greater 
portion of the civilized w^orld. To its stimulat- 
ing, narcotizing, poisonous properties is due its 
fascinating power upon the human organism ; and 
it enslaves all who use it in a bondage well-nigh 
invincible. 

The oil of tobacco is one of the most poisonous 
substances known. A drop of it would kill a 
dog as surely as would an ounce of lead in his 
brain. Owing to its deadly power, some bar- 
barous races use it to destroy snakes. Garden- 
ers and housewives make use of tobacco-smoke 
with telling effect in killing the lice and other 
insects that infest their plants. What tobacco- 
user is there wdio, unless enveloped in tobacco 



THE TOBACCO HABIT. 4T 

fumes almost from birth, cannot remember the 
deathly sickness he felt after smoking his first 
cigar, or taking his first quid of tobacco ? 

Many are the deaths on record due to the im- 
mediate effects of tobacco. The chemist, the 
physician, the scientist, all agree in pronouncing 
it a rank poison, — " a narcotic plant which no 
brute will eat, which affords no nutriment, which 
every stomach loaths until cruelly drugged into 
submission, which stupefies the brain, shatters, 
the nerves, destroys the coats of the stomachy 
creates an insatiable thirst for stimulants, and 
prepares the system for fatal disease." 

It is a well-known fact that the system can in 
time become accustomed to a poison, and will tol- 
erate a large amount when it has been gradually 
introduced. This is w^hy so few of the large 
army of tobacco-users die from acute tobacco- 
poisoning. Little by little the poison has been 
introduced, and so gradually has it wrought its 
devastating effects, that chronic tobacco-poisoning 
has not been recognized by physicians, by pa- 
thologists, until within a comparatively recent 
period. 

Dr. B. W. Richardson, of London, England, 
who with voice and pen has doubtless done more 



THE TOBACCO HABIT. 49 

than any other livmg man in the scientific field 
of temperance, has investigated the physical ef- 
fects of tobacco upon the human system. Upon 
the blood he has found that " the prolonged in- 
halation of tobacco produces changes which are 
very marked in character. The fluid is thinner 
than is natural, and in extreme cases paler. In 
some instances the deficient color of the blood is 
communicated to the body altogether, rendering 
the external surface yellowish-white and pufpy. 
The blood being thin, also exudes too freely, and 
a cut surface bleeds for a long time, and may con- 
tinue to bleed inconveniently, even in opposition 
to remedies. But the most important influence 
is exerted over the little bodies which float in 
myriads in the blood, and are known as the red 
corpuscles. These bodies have naturally a double 
concave surface, and at their edges a perfectly 
smooth outline. The absorption of fumes of to- 
bacco necessarily leads to rapid changes in them: 
they lose their rounded shape, becoming oval and 
irregular ; and instead of having a mutual attrac- 
tion for each other and running together, — a good 
sign of physical health, — they lie loosely scat- 
tered before the eye, and indicate to the learned 
observer as clearly as though they spoke to him 



( 




Blood Corpuscles of Tobacco User. 



THE TOBACCO HABIT. 51 

and said the words, that the man from whom 
they were taken was physically depressed and 
deplorably deficient both in muscular and mental 
power." (See illustration.) 

" The smoker cannot escape the poison of 
tobacco," says the late Dr. Marshall Hall. " It 
gets into his blood, travels the whole round of 
his system, interferes with the heart's action and 
the general circulation, and affects every organ 
and fiber of the frame." 

Tobacco predisposes to disease by its influence 
in depressing the functional activity of the differ- 
ent organs of the body, and by producing a ten- 
dency to change of structure, the resisting power 
of the system to disease being thereby greatly 
lessened. 

The heart is often the seat of serious trouble 
arising from the free use of tobacco. There may 
be no structural disease, but still it is a grave 
functional disturbance, a serious menace to life. 
During the late war, nearly all the soldiers 
smoked, and not a few developed this condition 
of the heart, which was most appropriately 
termed the " tobacco heart." It is a nervous 
weakness of that organ, due to the paralyzing 
effects the poison has upon the nerves leading to 




s> 



•s 



THE TOBACCO HABIT. 53- 

the heart. In fact, it is a partial paralysis, a 
robbing of the heart in a measure of its natural 
vigor and force and rhythm of beat, making it 
inefficient and irregular in action, and predispos- 
ing it to neuralgia [angina pectoris). 

The pulse is a true indicator of this condition, 
being in these cases " thin " and "wiry," lacking 
in volume, and intermittent. The delicate trac- 
ings of that finely balanced instrument, the 
sphygmograph, show in a most graphic manner 
the pulse of the tobacco heart as compared with 
that of a healthy heart. There is no doubt that 
many sudden deaths would, if the facts were 
known, be attributed to the effects of tobacco on 
the heart. 

Blindness is not an uncommon result of tobac- 
co-using. The optic nerve becomes gradually 
paralyzed by the insidious tobacco-poison ; and 
if not recognized in time, and the further use oi 
tobacco entirely abolished, permanent total blind- 
ness will be the result. Color blindness, an in- 
ability to recognize colors, particularly red and 
green, is alarmingly on the increase ; and on in^ 
vestigation it has been found to be in many in- 
stances traceable to chronic tobacco-poisoning. 

A form of paralysis, quite rare, yet on the in- 



54 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

crease, in which there is a progressive wasting 
away of the muscles, is thought, and with good 
reason, to be in a great measure due to tobacco. 

Restlessness, nervous irritability, muscular 
weakness and trembling, inability to sleep, dys- 
pepsia, loss of taste and smell, impaired hearing, 
vertigo, catarrh, smokers' sore throat, disease of 
the mouth, and cancer often tell the tale of the 
ravages of tobacco. 

That the habit of using tobacco in any of its 
forms creates or encourages an appetite for stim- 
ulants, and is therefore a prime cause and a most 
powerful accessory of the drink habit, we can 
justly affirm. Wherever we go we can see this 
tendency. We can obtain testimony upon testi- 
mony, of an incontrovertible character, that one 
of the first steps toward drunkenness is the to- 
bacco vice. 

Debarring transmitted tendencies, all cases of 
moderate or excessive use of intoxicating bev- 
erages we have found to have been preceded by 
the use of tobacco. Says the Rev. J. G. EA^ans, 
" Nine out of ten of the boys and young men of 
our country who fall into drinking habits, first 
learn to smoke or chew tobacco." 

In the report of an Eastern insane asylum, 






THE TOBACCO HABIT. 55 

where in two hundred and ninety-four cases in- 
sanity was caused by alcohol, in two hundred 
and forty-six of them the drink habit was pre- 
ceded by smoking. Five hundred of six hundred 
prisoners confined in the State's prison at Auburn, 
N. Y., for crimes committed while under the in- 
fluence of strong drink, testified that they began 
to be intemperate through the use of tobacco. 

A French physician, having studied the effects 
of smoking upon thirty-eight boys between the 
ages of nine and fifteen, reported that he found 
that twenty-seven of them were suffering from 
marked symptoms of tobacco-poisoning ; twenty- 
three had decided impairment of the intellectual 
faculties, and a strongly developed appetite for 
alcoholic drinks ; three had heart disease ; eight 
had decided deterioration of the blood ; twelve 
were subject to frequent attacks of nosebleed; 
ten were troubled with disturbed sleep ; and 
four were suffering with ulceration of the mouth. 

One writer estimates that out of every hun- 
dred Good Templars who break their obligation, 
three fourths are smokers ; and he suggests to 
temperance reformers the significance of this fact. 

The unprejudiced study of the tobacco habit 
in the intimate relation it sustains to the dauniino' 



56 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

curse of intemperance, brings the irresistible con- 
yiction that a tobacco reform is an intrinsic part 
of the temperance reform, and all temperance 
workers must sooner or later recognize it as such. 



^-^^-^ 



THE ALCOHOL FAMILY AND ITS 
RELATIONS. 



«^®^-.^:i:^=-^®^. 



THEIR COMMON SOURCE. 




REMEMBER having often ob- 
served, on <'i hot summer day, bub- 
bles of gas rise to the surface of 
stagnant pools. We boys used to 
explain this phenomenon by saying 
that " it was a frog in the bottom 
of the pool blowing off his breath." 

Let us go to such a pool. By thrusting your 
cane or a pole into the mud at the bottom of the 
pool, quite a good deal of this gas will rise to the 
surface ; and by inverting an open-mouthed bot- 
tle full of w^ater over the appearing bubbles, a 
considerable amount of the gas can be collected 
for examination. This gas is the result of pu- 
trefaction of vegetable matter in the water, where 
there is a limited supply of air. Its common 
name is marsh-gas ; its chemical name is methyl 

5 " (57) 




Ignis Fatuus, 



THE ALCOHOL FAMILY. 59 

liydride, or methane. Its chemical formula is 
^vritten C H4, being composed of two chemical 
elements, carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion 
of one atom of carbon to four atoms of hydrogen. 

The luminous appearance — ignis fatuus, Will- 
with-a-wisp, or Jack-with-a-lantern — sometimes 
::seen at night in the air over low, moist ground 
or swamp land, is supposed to proceed from some 
form of this gas. 

Marsh-gas is transparent, colorless, and a little 
more than half as heavy as air. Being composed 
•of two very inflammable substances, carbon and 
liydrogen, it is readily ignited by a lighted match, 
Ji-nd burns with a bluish-yellow flame. 

Fire-damp, the bane of the miners, which has 
been the cause of such terrific and murderous 
explosions in mines, is a form of this gas. 

By the slow action of chlorine upon marsh-gas, 
the pow^erful chemical, chloroform, is produced, 
the vapor of which, w^hen inhaled, will cause 
temporary insensibility to pain and rapid narco- 
sis, resulting in death if not soon discontinued. 
The ordinary way of manufacturing chloroform is 
by distilling dilute alcohol with chloride of lime. 

Marsh-gas, or methyl hydride, stands at the 
liead of a series of hydro carbon chemicals closely 



60 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

related to one another. They are called the 
" Marsh-gas family " or " Marsh-gas series." A 
few of the first we here give in their tabular 
order : — 

Name. Formula.. 

Methyl hydride, or methane, C H4 

Ethyl hydride, or ethane, C^ Hg 

Propyl hydride, or proj^ane, C3 Hg 

Butyl hydride, or butane, C4 Hio 

Amj^l hydride, or pentane, C5 Hn 

The relation of these hydro-carbons to the al- 
cohol family we shall soon see. 

Alcohol is the term applied to a fluid having 
the name of ethyl hydrate. It is a transparent 
liquid, lighter than water, of a pungent odor, and 
hot and burning to the taste. It boils much 
easier than water, and will burn readily in the 
air, giving a pale-blue flame devoid of smoke. 
On account of its inflammable nature, it ha& 
sometimes been called " fire-water." 

Its flame being devoid of smoke and soot, 
makes its use desirable to the chemist whea 
heating substances in a glass vessel. 

Chemists have investigated this singular chem- 
ical agent which Shakespeare and others have 
called aqua vitw, the water of life ; and so thor- 



THE ALCOHOL FAMILY. 61 

oughly is its composition now known that were 
the immortal English bard still alive, he would 
be more likely to call it aqua mortis, the water 
of death. 

Alcohol contains two very combustible sub- 
stances, carbon and hydrogen, which on scrutiny 
are found to be combined in the same proportion 
as in ethyl hydride, the second in the list of the 
marsh-gas series. This gas, in order to form alco- 
hol, takes on a chemical union with water. Water 
is composed of two elements, oxygen and hydro- 
gen, in the proportion of one atom of the former 
to two of the latter, making the chemical formula 
of water Hg 0. 

In the union of ethyl hydride (Cg Hg) and wa- 
ter (H2 0), two atoms of hydrogen are cast off, 
making the formula of alcohol Cg Hg 0. Thus 
we see that alcohol is composed of three elements 
and nine atomic parts, two of carbon, six of hy- 
drogen, and one of oxygen. 

This alcohol (ethylic), which is the active 
substance usually present in intoxicating drinks, 
is a chemical which so closely resembles quite a 
number of other chemicals that they have been 
grouped together by the chemist, and named the 
''alcohol family," or "alcohol series." Each of 



62 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

them is formed by one of the "marsh-gas" series; 
united with water in the same way that ethyl 
hydride is in forming alcohol. 

The following is a list of the first few of the 
"alcohol series," and you can readily see repre- 
sented in them the corresponding numbers of the: 
marsh-gas series : — 

Name. Formula. 

Methylic alcohol, or wood naphtha, . . . . C H4 O 
Ethylic alcohol, (common alcohol),. .. .C2 Hg O 

Propylic alcohol, C3 Hg O 

Butylic alcohol, C4 Hio O 

Amylic alcohol, C5 IIn O 

Methylic alcohol, or wood naphtha as it is^ 
often called, is a product of the distillation of 
wood. It is very volatile. It quickly intox- 
icates when drank ; but its effects soon pass off. 
It is used mostly for manufacturing purposes. . 
In England the law allows it to be mixed with, 
common alcohol, and sold as methylated alcohol 
for manufacturing purposes free of duty. Owing 
to its cheapness, the poorer classes sometimes 
procure it for drink. Its effect is less pernicious- 
than the common alcohol, owing to its exces- 
sively volatile nature, thus enabling the system 
to throw it out in less time than any other of the: 
alcohol group. 



THE ALCOHOL FAMILY. 63 

Ethylic, or common alcohol, is obtained by the 
distillation of fermented liquors, and is the in- 
toxicating element of all fermented and distilled 
beverages. 

Propylic alcohol is derived from the fermenta- 
tion of grape-skins. It is little used, and its action 
has been but little studied. It is a more heavy 
substance than the one previously mentioned, 
and is a more powerful intoxicant. Though 
doubtless present to some extent in ordinary 
liquors, it is not easily separated as an alcohol. 

Butylic alcohol comes from the fermentation of 
beet-root, and is but little used. It has strong 
intoxicating powers. 

Amylic alcohol, usually called fusel-oil, is ob- 
tained from the fermentation of potato starch or of 
the starch in grains. It has a peculiar odor, is 
heavy, sweet, and nauseous. It is a powerful 
intoxicant, and is often used as an adulterant, be- 
ing an exceedingly common constituent of cheap 
whisky. It is an extremely dangerous addition 
to any form of drink, as a few drops of it have 
been known to produce a marked intoxication, 
and the continued use of it will bring about rap- 
idly fatal results. 

As can be seen by referrinjg to a full table of 



64 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

the '^alcohol family," they all have the same plan 
of construction in common with these we have 
enumerated ; and without giving any further 
history of this family, we can say that we are 
sufficiently acquainted with it from experience, 
from the teachings of science, and from the testi- 
mony of wise men, to speak with authority ; and 
hence we declare that alcohol and all of its rela- 
tives can, by being used as a beverage, serve but 
the dominion of death. 

Out of the rotting carcasses of vegetable forms 
this family is reared. Alcohol is born only of 
decay. Seek for it in the rain-storm ! You do 
not find it there. Seek for it in the sparkling 
dew ! The diamond drops do not conceal it. 
The bubbling spring and cooling fountain, the 
merry brook and gliding river, contain not one 
potion of this death-dealing substance ! Roam 
over the fields wherever there is life, and you find 
it not; but from the stinking pool, clothed with 
the habiliments of vegetable death, it comes 
seething forth; and were it not for the art of 
man, nature in her laboratory of laboratories 
would quickly make every member of this alco- 
hol family innocuous, and pass them into other 
forms to serve an all- wise purpose. 



THE ALCOHOL FAMILY. 65 

Why one member of this family has attained 
such eminence as to be called King Alcohol, can- 
not be better explained than by using the words 
of Dr. Richardson :— 

" When the idea of spirit was brought forward, 
and we talked of the strength that was in beers, 
wines, and spirits, it was thought that this one 
particular alcohol, or spirit, was the only thing of 
its kind. Men of science knew better, but the 
general impression was, and is to some extent still, 
that the substance which v>^e call spirit is a thing 
alone of itself, that it stands as though there was 
nothing else like it. Now I hope w^e have pretty 
fairly imbued the nation with the fact that this 
spirit of w^ine is only one of a great family ; that 
there are an immense number of alcohols, — doz- 
ens in fact, — some derived from wood, some from 
wheat, some from the potato, and so on, — all 
members of the same chemical family, and not 
in any way distinct, except by the accidents of 
taste and weight and a few other physical varie- 
ties, from that alcohol which we drink. As Pro- 
fessor Gladstone has pointed out, it is a mere 
accident that this came into common use — this 
alcohol from grain. It might have been any 
other alcohol that came first into play. We now 
5 



m 



THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 



know that this is not one of the special things- 
coming to us as a distinctive thing, but as one of 
a family, and has only come into use or habit, as^ 
it were, by accident." 




DIFFERENT GARBS OF KING 
ALCOHOL 




N adapting himself to the prod- 
ucts of the different countries 
of the globe, and in suiting 
the varied tastes of his sub- 
jects, King Alcohol has many 
different garbs to wear. He 
often goes in disguise through 
a country, and in this way ex- 
erts his influence upon the unwary without being 
recognized until it is too late for the victim to 
free himself easily from his clutches. 

The good housewife will prepare the home- 
made wine from the juice of the grape, currant^ 
blackberry, or other fruit, and in good faith will 
offer it to her guests as simple, unadulterated 
fruit juice, devoid of any deleterious substance, 
little dreaming that it can be a disguise of alco- 
hol. 

"Let them not forget-that a demon dire 
Lies hid in fermented wine." 



(67) 



68 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

The farmer will prepare his filter, clarify his 
apple juice, and drink of it freely with his chil- 
dren, not knowing, perhaps, that alcohol is lurk- 
ing there ; or if he does know, he reasons that 
it is present in such a small quantity that it can 
do no possible harm. foolish man ! In the 
present we forecast the future; in the present 
w^e build for the future. The entering-w^edge of 
King Alcohol, easily started to-day by the im- 
bibing of cider, home-made wine, root-beer, etc., 
gradually, unconsciously to the victim, w^ll be 
driven farther and farther by the liquid ham- 
mers of alcohol, until, deep-rootec], the powers 
of darkness will prevail, and man's estate will 
be reached only to reap a withered and blighted 
life, and to be swept down by the maelstrom of 
strong drink. 

Cider, when but a few hours old, begins to 
ferment, which is the certain indication of the 
presence of alcohol. This process of fermenta- 
tion, if left to nature, would soon progress from 
its first stage, called the vinous or alcoholic fer- 
mentation, into the acetic fermentation, w^hich 
produces vinegar. 

The barrel of sweet (?) cider that is put away 
in the cellar for winter use, has generally had 



DIFFERENT GARBS OF KING ALCOLOL. 69 

some anti-fermentation substance added to it 
which checks this further fermentation, and holds 
the cider as it is, an alcoholic beverage. Cider, 
when fresh, can be put into air-tight cans, and 
thus be kept free from fermentation. Cider 
" boiled down," and canned in this manner, will 
not ferment. The juice of other fruits can be 
kept sweet and nice in the same way. 

There are many fermented drinks, all of which 
are more or less intoxicating. Their power to 
intoxicate is in direct proportion to the amount 
of alcohol which they contain. Cider, except 
when perfectly fresh, contains from three to five 
per cent of alcohol. Perry is very similar to 
cider, being the fermented juice of pears. Wines 
are fermented liquors, yet many of them are 
greatly " fortified " or " brandied " by the addi- 
tion of a distilled liquor. The following is a list 
of a few of the wines in common use, giving the 
per cent of alcohol each contains : — 

Port, _.15 to 25 percent. 

Sherry, .__14 " 23 " " 

Champagne, 10 " 11 " " 

Madeira," 18 " 21 " " 

What is meant by a " dry wine " is a wine in 
which the sugar has all been destroyed by fer- 



70 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

mentation. A " fruity " wine still contains quite 
an amount of its sugar. The fragrance, or " bo- 
quet," of a wine is attributed to the presence of 
certain fragrant ethers developed during fermen- 
tation or at a subsequent time. It s^enerally in- 
creases with age, which accounts for the frequent 
superior mellow flavor and delicacy of old wine. 

Malt liquors are the product of the fermenting 
or brewing of grains. Barley is the grain most 
generally used. Lager-beer, ale, stout, and 
porter, are the usual varieties of malt liquors, 
and vary from each other somewhat in the pro- 
portion of alcohol. The home-made, or small 
beer, contains from one to four or five per cent 
of alcohol, while stronger beer, ale, etc., range 
from seven to eighteen per cent of alcohol. 

Pulque, the favorite drink of the Mexicans, is 
made from the fermented juice of a kind of cactus 
[Agave Americana) . 

Chicha, is a Peruvian drink, usually made from 
fermenting Indian meal which has been dried in 
the sun ; but other grains are sometimes used. 
The taste of it resembles somewdiat that of bad 
cider. In place of grinding the grain, a primitive 
method of manufacture is to chew it, this gen- 
erally being done by old women, and when it is 
thoroughly masticated, the product is spit out 



DIFFERENT GARBS OF KING ALCOHOL. 71 

into some receptacle, where it is kept till it fer- 
ments. 

Palm-wine is the fermented juice of certain 
palm-trees, and is the drink most used in warm 
countries. It is called " toddy " by the English 
in India. 

Koumiss is made by fermenting mare's milk, 
and is a common drink in certain parts of Russia, 
-and with the nomadic tribes of Central Asia. 

Arracl£ is an Eastern drink of the rice-growing 
countries. It is made from fermented rice. 

By the process of distillation, alcohol was dis- 
covered and separated from fermented liquors. 
Owing to the difficulty of separating it, absolute 
alcohol is seldom obtained. An ordinary distilla- 
tion gives us a dilute alcohol mixed with water 
and other substances carried along with it from 
the fermented liquor from w^hich it is distilled. 
It is from the different fermented liquors, to- 
gether with other added ingredients, that differ- 
ent forms of distilled drinks are produced, varying 
somewhat, mainly in the proportion of alcohol. 

Brandy is obtained from distilling fermented 
wine. Apple-brandy is from cider, peach-brandy 
from fermented peach juice, etc. 

Whisky is obtained from distilling the fer- 
mented liquor of grain or potatoes. The smoky 



72 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

flavor it often has is due to its being distilled 
from fermented malt which has been dried over 
a peat fire. 

Gin is distilled from fermented malt, and 
flavored with the oil of juniper berries, which is 
usually added during the distilling process. 

Rum is obtained by distilling fermented mo- 
lasses or sugar. - 

AraJict is a distilled drink made by the Tartars 
from koumiss. 

Saki is a distilled drink made in Japan from 
fermented rice ; a similar drink is made by the 
Chinese, and called Shocoo. 

The strong drinks of civilized countries are 
represented by the following spirits, named in 
the order of their strength, beginning with the 
strongest : Brandy, rum, whisky, and gin. The 
amount of alcohol in a " good article " of brandy 
should be as high as fifty-three or fifty-four per 
cent. Rum averages forty-eight per cent of al- 
cohol ; while whisky, an article that is called the 
" pure stufl"," " old Bourbon," or " Kentucky 
dew drop," will contain from forty-five to forty- 
six per cent of alcohol. Ghi, the weakest, is 
still strong, for a bottle of it will give over one 
third the quantity in pure alcohol, or about 
thirty-nine per cent o^ pure, undiluted fjoison. 



THE APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 

STEPS LEADING TO AND ESTABLISHING IT.— 
WHAT WE HAVE BEEN TAUGHT CON- 
CERNING ALCOHOL. 




OU have no- 
ticed the man 
that r u m 
k e s . If you 
^e not seen liim 
the gutter or 
ggering along 
street, you 
have seen liis pict- 
ure. You have ob- 
served his walky 
'~~~~~'-^ his bloated and 

beastly looKing face ; and if you are near enough, 
a whiff of his offensive, lum-laden breatli has 
been enough to complete your disgust for this 

walking product of grim nlcohol, 

6 (73) 




''Was once a child, innocent, attractive, 
and free from vice."" 



APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 75 

Did you ever stop to think that this deplorable 
.specimen of a man was once a child, innocent, at- 
tractive, and free from A^ce, and that one little 
departure after another has brought him to his 
present pitiable state ? 

The appetite for strong drink is not acquired 
in a day, a week, or even a year. Except when 
inherited from drinking parents, or ancestors, it is 
of slow growth. 

The mighty, sweeping river we can trace back 
till we find it tapering to a rill or a tiny spring ; 
and so the strong appetite the drunkard has ac- 
quired for liquor can be traced back, step by step, 
perhaps through a long period of years, to a small 
beginning. He may never have been taught in 
childhood any lessons of self-government. Im- 
perceptibly his appetite has grown, developing, 
through constant indulgence in little irregularities 
of diet, into a tyrant of the worst form, usurping 
his right to govern. His parents Avere probably 
not careful enough while he was under their care 
^nd guardianship to provide him food of the best 
kind, and that prepared in a proper way. High 
living, rich food, spices, and relishes, taking the 
place of a simple dietary prepared in a simple 
manner, soon accustom tlie stomach to their stim- 




"I.i irregularities cf diet/' etc. 



APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 



77 



xiiating action, and are the initial step on the 
Toad to the use of more powerful stimulants. 

Soon after a full meal of rich and highly sen- 
:soned food, the face becomes somewhat flushed, 
Ihe heart beats faster, and the little streams of 
blood in the various parts of the body are quick- 
ened. Anything taken into the stomach which 
Avill produce such a noticeable whipping up cf 
the system, is called a stimulant. There are a 
g;reat many stimulants, some of which are mild 
in their action, and others are very powerful and 
poisonous. Any stimu- 
lant, if constantly used, 
will soon increase the ap- 
petite for it, and after a 
time will create an appe- 
i:ite for a stronger stimu- 
lant — one which is more 




GRANDMOTHER S EXAMPL:; 



injurious. 

This rich, stimulating diet being furnished the 
child, he soon begins to use tea and coffee, 
thus taking a step farther in the line of stimu- 
lants. These two substances, ordinarily regarded 
^s harmless and even valuable drinks, contain, 
though in small amount, a powerful poison. Its 
.deadly effects we never feel, because as we use it 



APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 79 

we get just enough to stimulate, to whip up the 
system a little, w^hich gives the pleasant, mildly 
exhilarated feeling. 

As he grows older, the child prefers his food 
more spicy ; he can hardly eat his meat without 
his mustard, catsup, or pepper-sauce, and even 
his A^egetables are so highly seasoned with salt 
and pepper that their natural flavor is lost. The 
tea and coffee have to be increased in strength to 
meet the abnormally growing demands of his ap- 
petite. Yet these changes are so gradual, so im- 
perceptible, that he does not in the least realize 
that his natural appetite is being supplanted by 
an artificial, depraved one. 

In time his associations are such as to expose 
him to new dangers. He readily acquires the 
popular habit of using tobacco ; for it is a stimu- 
lant, and his appetite demands stimulants. To- 
bacco is a powerful poison, and cannot be used 
by man (and no beast uses it) w^ithout pernicious 
effects. It is a narcotic poison, and in small 
doses acts to stimulate the system ; in large doses,, 
to stupefy and paralyze it. In the way it is gen- 
erally used, its action is mild and its poison insid- 
ious ; yet none the less surely is it working 
against the vital ori>anisin, and sowing seed that 



APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 81 

may ripen into the alcohol habit. Who ever saw 
II drunkard who did not use tobacco before he 
began to drink ? 

Cider is regarded by many as a nutritious and 
liarmless drink, and yet it is hardly made before 
fermentation (a rotting process) begins, which 
-changes the nutritious part of the cider into alco- 
hol and gas. It is the presence of alcohol in ci- 
der that makes it a pleasurable and exhilarating 
drink. Though its action is feeble, yet it leads 
across the line into the domain of King Alcohol. 
It has very aptly been called the " Devil's kin- 
dling wood." 

The steps we have thus far considered might be 
called preliminary, yet their direction is not at all 
uncertain. They lead to the door of the saloon, 
and around the screen to the counter where the 
beer guzzler is " blowing in " his, perhaps, hard- 
earned money to swell the saloon keeper's bank 
account ; and amidst the clashing of glasses, the 
fumes of various liquors, the ever-present to- 
bacco smoke, the ribald song and profane jargon 
of voices, the first glass of beer is taken. 

In weaving the chain of the drink habit around 
the victim, leading him to the common table 
of the wine bibber and the whisky bloat, beer- 




''He puffs like a steamboat, and is ready 
siyikfrom exhaustion.'^ 



to 



APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 83 

drinking is the leading factor. It is argued that 
beer is a food, and Ave are pointed to a great fat 
beer guzzler as a vindication of the nutritive 
value of this drink. But we challenge his health, 
and his chances of life. No reputable life insur- 
ance company will accept him as a good risk. 
Even though presenting at the time a fair exte- 
rior of health, an examination will probably re- 
veal some disease, a fatty heart, kidney disease, 
or a low grade of tissue in every part of the 
body. Walking at a moderate pace for a few 
blocks, he puffs like a steamboat, and is ready to 
sink from exhaustion. 

Prof. Liebig, the great German chemist and 
scientist, says, " We can prove with mathemat- 
ical certainty that as much flour or meal as would 
lie on the point of a table knife is more nutritious 
than five measures (twenty pints) of the best 
Bavarian beer." 

The strength of an intoxicating drink, or its 
power to poison, is in direct proportion to the 
amount of alcohol it contains. It is the larger 
amount of alcohol in beer which makes it a 
stronger drink than cider. With the alcohol re- 
moved from it, there is nothing left but a bitter, 
sweetened, dirty water. 



84 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

Wine comes next in the order of strength, con- 
taining considerable more alcohol than does beer. 
If the victim has money enough to indulge in 
^vine, perhaps it will be his next step to «ndd to 
Lis beer-dr'nking the habit of wine-taking. His 
course is now rapid. The stronger drinks are 
just before him, and it is of little consequence 
which he takes, whether it be rum, gin, w^hiskj, 
brandy, or alcohol diluted ; for they all haA'e the 
one effect — to sink him farther, and to fasten 
firmer the already strong bands of the disease 
called chronic alcoholism. Irreparable structural 
changes, if they have not already taken place in 
his system, will soon begin. The making of the 
man that rum makes, is now well advanced. 

Alcohol, which gives to these liquids their 
power to do harm, is a powerful poison, and is 
classed with some of the most deadly substances 
known, such as chloroform, opium, tobacco, In- 
dian hemp, etc. It is a chemical, resulting from 
the fermentation of organic, starchy, saccharine 
substances. It does not change its form, but is 
the same and has proportionately the same powers, 
w^hether it be in the simple fermented liquors — 
ale, porter, beer, wine, cider, and Jioiimiss (fer- 
mented mare's milk); or in the distilled spirits — 
whisky, brandy, rum, and gin. 



APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 85 

Alcohol, ill its pure state, is an Jictive caustic. 
If applied to the skin, it raises a blister; and a 
very small amount taken into the stomach, ^vill 
cause speedy death. Although it is never taken, 
as a beverage or medicine in this form, but is 
always diluted at least one half with w^ater, yet 
'^it is rational to conclude that a poison is a poi- 
son still, though used in such moderate quantities 
that its injurious effects are not immediately and 
strikingly manifested." 

" The toxical condition called alco/wnsm enters 
directly into the constitution of many affections. 
Indirectly, alcoholism favors the production of 
nearly all diseases^ by lessening the power of 
resistinsi: their causes, and contributes to their 
fatality by impairing the ability to tolerate or 
overcome them." — Fimt. 

''An alcoholic patient is dreaded by bolh the 
surgeon and the physician. A fracture, an am- 
putation, the ligation of an artery, or the removal 
of a tumor is apt to be followed by severe conse- 
quences ; and a pneumonia, a hepatitis, a fever, 
the cholera, or almost any internal disease, is 
usually much more severe, and more likely to be 
fatal. Such cases require different mr.nagement 
from the same class of accidents r.nd diseases 



86 THE MAX THAT RUM MADE. 

occurring in non-alcoholized persons. These re- 
marks apply to cases falling short of positive 
drunkenness, — to the cases of habitual, steady 
drinking, — to persons who may maintain a show 
of health, but who are on the verge of a crater 
into which they are liable at any moment to fall. 
If they escape until age approaches, their powers 
much sooner decay, and they may be permitted 
to die of premature senility. Their chances of 
life are even less than those of the periodical 
drunkards, whose extreme excesses attract much 
more attention, but whose periods of abstinence 
afford an opportunity for partial recuperation." — 
Palmer. 

It has been said that when lung fever attacks 
the steady, square drinker, one who carries his 
pint of whisky daily, the treatment comes exclu- 
sively within the domain of the undertaker, as 
the first case of recovery has yet to be reported. 
In the more advanced stage of alcoholism, an 
ordinarily trivial disease often proves fatal. 

If one thino: more than another confirms the 
wisdom of the Wise Man, it is the saying which 
stands to-day in all its force and clearness, 
"' Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging; and 
whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise." 



APPETITE FOR STRONG DRINK. 87 

We have been taught that alcohol is a food ; 
when in fact it is a rank poison. 

We have been taught that it is a force pro- 
ducer; when under its influence heat and other 
forms of force are diminished. 

We have been taught that it increases muscu- 
lar strength and mental endurance, aiding the 
soldier to endure his long marches, the laboring 
man to do more work, and the student and intel- 
lectual man to think better and clearer; when 
its action is to diminish, to depress both muscu- 
lar and brain power. 

We have been taught that its use protects 
from epidemic diseases ; when in fact it invites 
them, and is a potent factor working with the 
disease to take the life of the patient. 

We have been taught its great usefulness in 
preventing and curing consumption ; w^hile we 
have been slowly learning its great potency in 
causing lung diseases. 

We have been taught that its moderate use is 
consistent w^ith life and health, and in fact almost 
a necessity; wdiile it is now proven that even its 
moderate use is inconsistent with life and health, 
and that ultimately it leads to disease and pre- 
mature death. 



88 



THE MAX THAT RUM MADE. 



We have been tiught to query. AVhat is it not' 
good for? while the advance of science and the- 
combined experience of intelligent, and conscien- 
tious investigations demand the question to be^ 



asked, What is it good for ? 



•^^i^^^-i- 




PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL 




HE face is an index of joy and 
sorrow, contentment and un- 
rest, pleasure and pain, health 
and disease, of a mind pure and 
stimulated by high and noble 
purposes, and of a mind de- 
based by evil passions and bad 
habits. The man who takes a 
drink may disguise his breath, 
but sooner or later indubitable 
and indelible signs of his drinking habit will 
appear in his face. The habitual use of alcohol 
soon affects the small vaso-motor nerves which 
control the blood supply to the face, partially 
paralyzing their action so as to allow congestion, 
thus literally painting the face red. The nose, 
naturally very vascular, receives so much increase 
of blood in this way that it buds forth in a glow- 
ing red color, taking on the characteristic appear- 
ance Avhich has been aptly termed a "rum blos- 

7 (89) 



90 THE ^lAX THAT RUM MADE. 

som." The power of these little vaso-motor 
nerves to control the blood supply of a part can 
be illustrated in a lower animal. For this pur- 
pose, physiologists usually take a living white 
rabbit, and sever the nerve going to one ear. 
Immediately this ear becomes turgid with blood 
in marked contrast to the other. It also gradu- 
ally grows larger. 

One effect of alcoholic beverages, particularly 
the malted liquors, is to so impair nutrition as 
to largely increase fatty tissue at the expense of 
other tissues of the body. It is this which 
makes the muscles flabby and the heart w^eak, 
and renders the man liable to apoplexy through 
the rupture of weakened blood-vessels. The 
bloated and flabby cheek is due to this abnormal 
amount of fat. 

The parts around the eye become thickened 
from the same cause. Its membrane loses its 
clearness, and the tear ducts, through inflamma- 
tion, become defective, and allow a running over 
of the secretion. The eyelids become thickened, 
with edges red and scurfy, and the beauty and 
symmetry of the eyelashes are destroyed. This, 
together with the other changes enumerated, 
gives the bleared and rheumy eye so characteris- 
tic of the drunkard. 



PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 91 

At this advanced stage of the drink habit, the 
mind has become greatly lowered in tone. High 
moral sentiments are almost, if not wholly, oblit- 
erated. Man's self-respect and native pride are 
gone, and a "don't care what }'ou may think of 
me" feeling shows out in various ways. We see 
it in his lack of modesty, in his disregard for the 
feelings of others, in his brutality, in his gross 
neglect of his family, and in his personal appear- 
ance ; his dirty, ragged dress and frowzly, un- 
kempt hair. 

The mouth, with its flabby, coarse lips, has 
now become accustomed to open more often for 
the accursed drink than for any other substance. 
Once it was a respectable organ, doing duty as 
nature intended it should. In it used to reside 
the sense of taste, but now this useful sense has 
lost its usefulness. It was intended as a pro- 
tective sense, as well as for pleasure. Who of 
us, taking a sip of kerosine oil by mistake, would 
not eject it immediately ? and any one not know- 
ing the taste of brandy or whisky, taking a little 
in the mouth, would be impelled to eject it as 
quickly as the oil. 

The many little glands of the throat which 
supply it with moisture are irritated and inflamed 



92 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

by alcohol, the throat thereby becoming parched, 
rough, and nodular, which, if the sensibilities of 
the man were not greatly blunted by the poison, 
would be a source of discomfort, and at times of 
actual suffering. There is no drunkard but what 
has a diseased throat. 

The stomach, being the receptacle for the al- 
cohol, and being lined with a delicate membrane 
the same as that of the nose, mouth, and throat, 
is often seriously affected by the poison. In the 
'^ stomach's progressive story " (see illustration 
p. 33,) r. represents the outline of the stomach 
with a round opening made into it, showing the 
color of its mucous, or lining, membrane in health, 
a pale, delicate, and somewhat mottled pink. 
This is the part of the stomach first suscepti- 
ble to injury from alcohol. 

Figure h. represents the stomach of the mod- 
erate drinker, showing this membrane of a deeper 
hue, with little red or purple lines running in 
every direction, enlarged blood-vessels that in 
health were delicate and invisible. 

Figure c. represents the membrane in a con- 
firmed drinker just after a debauch It is in a 
hioli state of inflammation, with dark, oTumous 
blood oozing from its surface. In delirium tre- 



PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 



93 




mens (alcoholic mania) this inflamed state may 
progress to actual mortification of the walls of 
the stomach, thus causing death. 

Sometimes, through 
the ulcerating and 
hardening effects of 
alcohol, the walls of 
the stomach take on a 
cancerous formation, 
which gradually ex- 
tends until the cavity of the stomach actually 
grows up, as here represented. 

The liver is the largest glandular organ of the 
body. It serves a very important office in main- 
taining the normal state of the blood and the 
proper action of the bowels. It has been called 
the economist of the body, because it acts as a 
sort of strainer, taking out of the blood deleteri- 
ous substances, some of which it works over for 
use again. This work is interfered with by the 
action of alcohol. The alcohol being absorbed 
from the stomach into the blood, goes directly to 
the liver. This organ recognizes the alcohol to 
be a poison, and abstracts as much of it as possi- 
ble from the red life current. 

One of the most common forms of disease of 



^4: THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

the liver caused by alcohol is cirrhosis, and is 
represented by the illustration p. 35. A man 
who is in the habit of taking his grog daily, a 
glass of brandy or ^Yhisky on an empty stomach 
mornings, to give him an appetite for breakfast, 
is liable to develop this form of liver disease. 
It is sometimes called " hob-nailed liver." 

In appearance, the blood is a simple red fluid ; 
l3ut on close examination we find it to be a com- 
pound fluid, in which float numerous little bodies 
called blood corpuscles, or cells. There are two 
kinds, the red and the white. They cannot be 
seen by the naked eye, but by means of the mi- 
croscope we can readily ascertain their size, 
shape, and general appearance. 

The red corpuscles are much more numerous 
than the white, are 357^0 of an inch in diameter, 
disc shaped, with the center depressed. They 
are the oxygen carriers, the little firemen of the 
body. At every stroke of the right side of the 
heart, millions of them are rushed to the lunizs to 
-exchange their load of ashes (carbonic acid gas) 
for oxygen, and on they hurry with their fresh 
load of fuel (oxygen) to the left side of the 
heart, which sends them to the system at large, 
to distribute the oxygen, and to take up in re- 



PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 95 

turn the waste tissues to be carried back to the 
lungs, the great chimney of our bodies. 

This is the work of the red blood cells, day 
and night. Anything which prevents their work, 
puts out the vital fire, and life becomes extinct; 
and anything that cripples them, lowers the flame 
of life. These little bodies as they come from 
the lungs give the blood a bright red color, due 
to their charge of oxygen ; while on their way to 
the lungs, the carbonic acid gas which they hold 
gives the blue color to the returning blood. 

Alcohol being taken up by the blood from the 
stomach, comes in contact with these little 
bodies, and shrivels them up, and spoils their 
beautiful outline, giving them an irregular, jagged 
edge. (Fig. a.) In this condition they are not 
.able to carry their full amount of oxygen, nor can 
they so readily give off their carbonic acid. 
This is why a drunkard's blood is darker than 
liealthy blood. 

The white blood corpuscles are not nearly so 
numerous as the red, but they are somewhat 
larger, being about 35^ of ^^ inch in diameter. 
Although they are usually globular (Fig. <?.), 
they can change their shape at pleasure, and can 
move about like a little animal. By means of 



PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 97 

this self-motion they can get through the wall of 
the blood-vessel to the outside. These little 
creatures are the mechanics of our bodies, to 
build up and repair when injury has been sus- 
tained. For example, if we receive a cut or an 
injury which destroys integument or other tissue, 
these little bodies escape in great numbers from 
the blood-vessels in the region of the injury, and 
set themselves about the work of repair, remov- 
ing the dead tissue and foreign matter, if there 
be any, and forming themselves into rank, col- 
umn after column, in front and rear, on top and 
underneath, building a solid bridge of cells, which 
glue and grow together by means of plastic mat- 
ter furnished by the blood, and finally resolve 
themselves into living brick and mortar, often 
repairing the breach so perfectly as to defy 
detection. 

Alcohol has the same shriveling effect on these 
little bodies as on the red blood cells, the oxygen 
carriers. It abstracts the water from them, 
takes away their buoyancy, and paralyzes their 
action, thereby lowering the standard of the repair- 
ing powers of the system. It is due to this flict 
that wounds on a drunkard are slow to heal, and 
that surgeons are loth to operate on an alcoholic 
patient. 



PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 99 

The consequences of intemperance are not con- 
fined to the parts we have enumerated. The 
brain, the nerA^es, the heart, the blood-vessels, 
the muscles, the kidneys, — all are subject, to a 
greater or less extent, to the blighting effects of 
alcohol. 

Among the large number of those who use al- 
coholic beverages, there are comparatively few 
who reach the stage of delirium tremens. Al- 
cohol opens up so many avenues of disease, and 
so lowers the vital resistance to disease, that 
the chances of reaching death by a shorter 
road are greatly enhanced. It may be consump- 
tion, or heart disease, or some nervous disease, 
or an illness comparatively trivial, made malig- 
nant by the influence of alcohol, that brings the 
^' pale horse " with its black-mantled rider long 
before the number of years allotted to man is 
consummated. 

The study of the effects of alcohol upon the 
human system should be a part of the curriculum 
of every district, village, and high school, of 
every academy and college. It should be a far 
more frequent theme for our temperance lecturers. 
We are convinced that the strongest arguments, 
those which speak the loudest in fixvor of tern- 



100 THE MAX THAT RUM MADE. 

perance, are the physical effects of alcohol upon 
the human oro:anism. 

While it may be a thorn in the side of the 
rum-seller or the old toper, to sit at his fire-side^ 
and hear his children preparing for their next 
day's recitation upon the physiological and tox- 
ical effects of alcohol, and discussing a "gin- 
liver," a '• fatty heart," a '" rum blossom," a 
" brandy-fired brain," or a possible spontaneous 
combustion from a rum-laden breath ; yet pos- 
terity will doubtless reap from it a lasting benefit. 

At this age of the world is it not willful neg- 
lect on the part of intelligent parents to send 
their boy out into the world with no adequate 
idea of the dangers that beset him in society, of 
the withering, blighting effects of alcohol, which 
has the tread of a giant, stalking through the 
land, leaving the impress of its feet in the homes 
of the prince as well as the peasant, and scatter- 
ing broadcast wretchedness, pauperism, crime, and 
murder ? 

Teach the boys from a physiology that treats 
fully and thoroughly of the alcohol question, the 
effect alcohol has upon the processes of animal 
life ; teach them that it is a poison, and not a 
food in any sense ; that it weakens instead of 



PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL, 101 

strengthens ; that it diminishes instead of in- 
creases vital force ; that it is a productive source 
of disease ; that instead of being an elixir of life, 
its effects as a beverage are evil and only evil, 
bringing annually thousands upon thousands of 
persons to an untimely grave. 

The growth of intemperance will soon cease, 
and marks of its decay wdll become apparent, 
when the rising generations shall be properly in- 
structed on temperance subjects. Then man will 
be fore-armed by an education that lifts above 
the domain of appetite ; that leads to a discrimina- 
tion between right and wrong, with will and 
power to carry out conviction ; that demands al- 
cohol to be labeled poison, and to be found only 
upon the shelf of the physician, the chemist, and 
the scientist. 



TESTIMONY OF WISE MEN CON- 
CERNING ALCOHOL 




J HE evil of intemperance is 

felt in every walk of life. 

Viewed in all its aspects, 

'^^ the use of ardent spirits is 



^j^^j4r an unmitigated curse. Over- 
whelming denunciations of 
its terrible effects have ac- 
cumulated from year to year, until the written 
testimony alone, if put together, would fill many 
volumes. 

The effect of alcohol in producing disease and 
death, has brought forth an immense protest 
from men of science. Its effect upon the morals, 
and its antagonism to religion, have brought forth 
earnest protestations against it from ministers 
and divines of all denominations. The Bible 
itself, that Book of books, is not by any means 
silent or uncertain, r.s some labor to maintain, in 
its position upon this subject. 

(1U2) 



TESTIMONY OF WISE MEN. 103 

Alcohol, ill its effects upon the State in clog- 
ging the wheels of good government, is most bit- 
terly denounced by judges, jurists, lawyers, 
statesmen, prison ofticials, and public men gen- 
erally. Political economists have borne teeti- 
mony to its being the greatest impoverisher of a 
country. All, with one accord, who have been 
in a position to observe the effects of alcohol, 
men who were and are willing to declare their 
convictions upon this matter, affirm that alcohol 
is a curse in every department of life. And we 
regard the pages here devoted to the testimony 
of a few of the many men in the different walks 
of life past and present, who have borne witness 
against alcohol, as worthy the attention of every 
one. We would particularly call the special at- 
tention of the young to what these wise men say, 
that they, themselves, may be better enabled to 
take a wise course in the matter. 

" Who hath woe ? who hath sorrow ? who hath 
contentions ? who hath babblings ? who hath 
wounds without cause ? who hath redness of 
eyes ? — They that tarry long at the wine ; they 
that go to seek mixed wine. 

"Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, 
when it giveth his color in the cup, when it mov^ 



104 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

eth itself aright. At the last it biteth like a 
serpent, and stingeth like an adder." — Solomon. 

" Wine bringeth forth three grapes, the first of 
pleasure, the second of drunkenness, and the 
third of sorrow." — Anacharsis the Scythian. 

" To drink well is a property meet for a sponge, 
but not for man." — Demosthenes. 

" We hold that the proper attitude of Chris- 
tians toward this [liquor] traffic, is one of un- 
compromising opposition." — General Conference of 
the Methodist Ejjiscopal Church at Philadelphia, 
Pa., 1884-. 

" That curse of our race — alcohol . . . the en- 
emy alike of God and man." — Methodist Episco- 
pal Church, South, General Conference, 1883. 

" Every man that strive th for the mastery is 
temperate in all things." — Paul. 

'' He w^ho knows what is good and chooses it, 
who knows what is bad and avoids it, is learned 
and temperate." — Socrates. 

" The giant evil of the age — the curse of 
curses." — Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Gen- 
eral Assembly at Lebanon, Tenn., May, 1878. 

" There can be no compromise with this evil 
[liquor traffic]." — United Presbyterian Church 
Assembly, 1885. 



TESTIMONY OF WISE MEN. 105 

'' Opposed to all traffic in intoxicating drinks." 
— Moravian Churchy Si/nod of 1873. 

" Nearly allied to theft and robbery, and in its 
consequences far exceeds them in enormity." — 
Free Baptist Churchy General Conference, F airport, 
N. Y., 1853. 

'• A sin against society." — Seventh-Dai/ Baptist, 
General Conference, 1883. 

'^ Utterly inconsistent with the character and 
profession of members of the church of Christ to 
encourage in any way the traffic in intoxicating 
liquors." — Reformed Didch Church, General Spiod 
at Sjjraciise, N. Y., June, 1885. 

" The enemy of religion, of good morals, and 
of the best interests of our race." — Lutheran 
Church General Sf/7iod, 1879. 

" Their [the people's] condition can never be 
greatly improved so long as intemperance exten- 
sively prevails." — Cannon Ellison and 1,400 Other 
Clergymen, Memorial Presented before the Lord^s 
Committee in 1880. 

" This drink ^Q\i\:' —Luther . 

" The mother of all mischief, the root of all 
crimes, the spring of vices, the whirlwind of the 
brain, the overthrow of the senses, the tempest 



106 THE MAX THAT RUM MADE. 

of the tongue, the ruin of the body, the wreck 
of charity, a loss of time, a voluntary rage, a 
shameful weakness, the shame of life, the stain 
of honesty, and the plague and corruption of the 
soul." — Saint Augustine. 

■" The source of the greatest evils among com- 
munities."^ — Fenelon. 

'• Public houses, the bane of the country." — 
Roivland Hill. 

" The fruitful source of crime and pauperism." 
— Father Matheiv. 

"An instrument of crime and woe." — Dr. 
Channing. 

" Causeth woes and mischief, Avounds and sor- 
row, sin and shame." — Jeremy Taylor 

" The cause of almost all the crime, misery, 
ignorance, and irreligion." — Chalmers. 

" Those who sell this poison, murder Her 
Majesty's subjects by wholesale." — John Wesley^ 
on the liquor traffic. 

" What more foul sin among us than drunken- 
ness ! " — Milton. 

" Man's way to the Devil." — Dr. Adam Clarke. 

" To sanction by law such an enemy [the 



TESTIMONY OF WISE MEN. 107 

liquor traffic] is an outrage upon all principle."' 
— Justin Edivards. 

" No stone should be left unturned to counter- 
act the great sin." — Dean Stanleij. 

" Where lies the difference in criminality be- 
tween the dram-seller and public murderers?" — 
Lyman Beecher. 

"A greater destroying force than all other 
physical evils combined." — Henry Ward Beecher. 

" Evil and only evil, and that continually." — 
HerricJc Johnson, D. D. 

" The greatest evil of this nation." — Dr, 
Talmage. 

'^ A power that already has its clutches upon 
our throats." — Joseph Cook, 

" For the laboring man the ale house is now a 
place of pure, unmitigated evil." — Soidhey, 

" The people dread cholera, but brandy is a far 
worse plague." — Balzac. 

" One of the most criminal methods of assassi- 
nation for money [liquor traffic] ever adopted by 
the bravoes of any age or country." — RusJcin. 

" The unmitigated curse, the great founder of 
death." — Axel Gustafson. 



108 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

^' Miseries in proportion to the number of pub- 
lic houses." — Oliver Goldsmith. 

" The road that leads to indigence and rapine." 
— William Coivper. 

" The upas tree planted in the field of educa- 
tion. This tree must be cut down." — Horace 

Mann. 

" thou invisible spirit of wine, . . . let us 
call thee Devil ! " — Shakespeare. 

" Injurious to health, destructive to life." 
— Kant. 

" A manufactory, not only of paupers, but of 
incendiaries, madmen, and murderers." — Gerrit 
Smith. 

" A foe more dreadful or deadly than the R.us- 
sian or the plague." — Florence Nightingale^ from 
the '^ Crimea r 

" Most diseases have their rise in intemper- 
ance." — Lord Bacon. 

" The great source of pauperism and crime." 
— Lord Brougham. 

" The temperance cause lies at the foundation 
of all social and political reform." — Richard Coh- 
den. 



TESTIMONY OF WISE MEN. 109 

'• Has inflicted greater calamities than war, 
pestilence, and famine." — Gladstone. 

" The principal cause of crime." — Lord Chief - 
Justice Colerage. 

''' The greatest obstacle to the diffusion of ed- 
ucation." — John Bright. 

" Universal suffrage a sham, when rum rules 
the great cities." — Wendell Phillips. 

" The original cause of most of the enormities 
committed by criminals." — Sir Matthew Hale. 

" Occasioned more injury to the public service 
than any other circumstance which has occurred 
in the internal concerns of the country during 
my administration." — Thomas Jefferson. 

" The chief source and immediate cause of 
more hurt to society and to individuals than any 
other agency." — Hon. H. W. Blair. 

" The undoubted cause of four fifths of all the 
crime, pauperism, and domestic misery of the 

State." — Governor Dix, of Neio York. 

'' We can trace four fifths of the crimes com- 
mitted to the influence of rum." — Judge Allison. 

•' No business more thoroughly demoralizing, 
more destructive of public morals, public order, 
and public decency." — Judge John 3Iartin. 



110 THE MAX THAT RUM MADE. 

" Seventy-five per cent of the crimes of New 
York City are due directly or indirectly to strong 
drink." — /. Kenmj Ford^ New York Police Court, 

'^ An active and powerful cause of disease." — 
Prof. Yoiimans. 

" The evils of alcohol are wide-spread and 
countless." — C. R. Agnew, M. D. 

" Sooner or later prove injurious to the human 
constitution without any exception." — Sir B. 
Brodie^ Sir James Clark, Sir J. Ef/re, Dr. Mar- 
shall Hall, Dr. A. T. Thompson, Dr. A. Ure, the 
Queens Physicians, and seventy-eight leaders in 
Medicine and Surgery, of England, IS 39. 

'^ Seventy -five per cent of accidents to life and 
limb due directly to drink." — Dr. Cyrus Edson. 

" Alcohol is neither a food nor a drink suitable 
for his [man's] natural demands." — B. W.^ Rich- 
ardson, M. A., M. D., F. R. S. 

" If alcohol were unknown, half the sin and a 
large part of the poverty and unhappiness would 
disappear from the world." — Edmond A. ParJces, 
M. D., F. R. S. 

" The curse of an army is intoxicating liquors." 
— Parkes. 



TESTIMONY OF WISE MEN. Ill 

•• Let me give you a bit of advice, and that is, 
don't drink. I knov/ young men do not think 
much about advice from old men. They put 
their tongue in their cheek, and think that they 
know a good deal better than the old cove that 
is giving them advice. But let me tell you that 
you are come to a country where, if you drink, 
you're dead men. If you be sober and steady, 
you '11 get on well ; but if you drink, you 're 
done for. You will be either invalided or die. 
I knew two regiments in this country; one 
drank, the other did n't drink. The one that 
didn't drink is one of the finest regiments, and 
has got on as well as any regiment in ex- 
istence. The one that did drink has been all 
but destroyed. For any regiment for which I 
have any respect (and there is not one of the 
British regiments that I don't respect), I should 
always try and persuade them to keep from 
drinking." — Sir Charles Napier, from an Address 
given to the 9Gth Regiment at Calcutta, 18Ji.9. 

" By slow and measured steps, in most cases, 
by inducing cirrhosis of the liver, Bright's disease 
of the kidneys, anasarca, ascites, rheumatism, 
rheumatic gout, defective vision, fatty degener- 
ation of the heart arteries, and muscular system, 



112 THE MAN THAT RUM MADE. 

which finally ends in paralysis, imbecility, and 
insanity, alcohol encircles its victims in irreme- 
diable and everlasting ruin. Without doubt, 
alcohol occasions a vast amount of disease over 
the face of this mighty Republic, and carries 
death, destruction, dishonor, and shame into 
thousands of happy homes. Alcohol is at the 
bottom of a large proportion of the crimes com- 
mitted in the United States. Alcohol dethrones 
reason, and poisons the fountains of sentiment 
and morals, and is even more destructive upon 
the moral and intellectual nature than upon the 
physical organism of man." — Joseph Jones^ M. D., 
extract from " Diseases and Deaths occurring in the 
Medical Service of Joseph Jones, M. Z>., 1869- 
1886, in the Charity Hospital of Neiv Orleans, 
La., luith Practical Ohservations','' — a paper read 
before the American Medical Association at St. 
Louis, Mo., 1886. 



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